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'Connections and transformations in Africa' :
  A workshop at the African Studies Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands, Tuesday 21 November, 2006  

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African tourism

Wouter van Beek

Among the many connections of African societies with the rest of the world and with each other, tourism takes a special place. In African tourism it is the African locality which is connected from the outside, more than the other way around. The mobility of one half of the tourist equation determines the impact on the other, local half. Tourism is a peculiar and paradoxical connection between people anyway, but African tourism has some specific features which colour the way tourism links Africans with the outer world. First, the wealth imbalance between ‘host’ and ‘guest’ is severe, and both roles are not reversible, while also any real reciprocity in the tourist exchange is problematic. Second, Africa knows almost no internal and very little regional tourism, so international tourism dominates the scene. Third, the power position of the various actors in the tourist industry is very skewed, and the actors operate under very different political and economic conditions. Africa is for tourists the continent of ‘the wild’, of ‘pristine nature’ and ‘authentic cultures’, admired but feared, gazed at but not participated into. Characteristic for Africa is the geographic separation of  the various types of tourist destinations: wildlife, culture, beach, landscape and history/heritage.

This project researches the various modalities of tourist-host interactions, with the concept of the ‘tourist bubble’ as one main approach. The way this interface between the visiting and the visited is being constructed at various tourist destinations, is crucial for the connections that the local actors accrue through the presence of tourists. How do, for instance, the types of destinations co-vary with different connections of African actors with the ‘North’ and among themselves? What are the economic and political dynamics of tourism in each of these situations? In what measure do the tourist dynamics reproduce neo-colonial dependencies and do they situate the African actors in the globalising world of international travel?

 

 

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